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clean room

2 articles

ASML and the Lithography Monopoly

For nearly thirty years, a single company in the southern Netherlands has been working on a single machine: the extreme ultraviolet lithography scanner. Today,…

22 min read

How a Chip Is Made

A modern smartphone contains a chip with more than twenty billion transistors, the smallest features only a few nanometres across, fabricated in a factory…

20 min read